Level.



DAVID c. oWENs, "0F c1310, ALABAMA..

LEVEL( Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 5, 1916.

Application led December 31, 1915. Serial No. 69,635.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, DAVID C. OWENS, a4

citizen of the United States, residing at Clio, in the county of Barbourand State of Alabama, have invented certain new and useful Improvement-sin Levels;` and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to levels, and more particularly to a level whichincludes a weighted pendulum structure, and the primary object of theinvention is to provide a level, which is simple in construction,substantial, one which will remain acurate without adjustment throughall atmospherical conditions, and which is constructed so as toeliminate delicate parts which are apt to become inoperative upon roughhandling.

A further object of this invention is t0 provide a level structure asspecied, wherein the pendulum or bob is pivotally supported bytransparent semihousings, which form substantially, jewel bearirgs forthe pivot arms of the pendulum or bob, and to provide a compactstructure for detachably holding the transparent semi-housings in theirproper' positions with respect to the body of the level.

With the foregoing and other objects in view this invention consists insuch novel features of construction, combination and arrangement ofparts as will be hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and claimed.

In describing the invention in detail reference will be had to theaccompanying drawings wherein like characters designate like andcorresponding parts throughout the several views, and in which Figure lis a side elevation 'of the level. Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2of Fig. l. Fig, 3 is a detail view of the pendulum or bob. Fig. 4. is adetail view of one of the transparent semi-housings, and Fig. 5 is adetail view of the base plate. Fig. G is a horizontal section ou theline (36 of Fig. l.

Referring more particularly to the draw ings, 1 designates the body ofthe level as an entirety, which may be constructed of iwetal, wood, orany other material suitable for the purpose or commonly employed in theconstruction of level. In the drawings, a metallic body is shown whichis formed of plates`2 and 3, which are connected in any suitable mannerto form the ordinary I-shaped bodv of metal levels. The plates l2 and 3are provided with openings l positioned centrally therein, and withannular recesses 5 which surround and communicate with the openings l.The recesses 5 are4 formed in the inner abutting faces of the plates orsections 2 and 3. rlhe pendulum or bob inclosing housing, includes, apair of transparent semi-housings 6 and 7, which are preferablyconstructed of glass and have annular fiat portions 8 extending aroundtheir marginal edges. The semi-housings 6 and 7 bulge outwardly so as toprovide a space as indicated at 9 to permit of the free Aand unimpededpivotal movement of the pendulum or bob 10.

Metallic facing rings Il and l2 are provided which extend over theperiphery of the annular rings 8 and also over the outer surfaces of therings. The inner surfaces of the rings 8 abut, and the semi-housings 6and 7 are held connected to each other by pins 13 which extend throughopenings 14 formed in the rings 8. The facing rings 11 and 12 haveoutwardly extending ears 14 formed thereon the inner surfaces of whichears abut. The ears 14 are connected, and held 1n engagement with eachother by suit .able fastening means, such as screws as indicat'ed at 16.The ears 14C are seated in the recesses 5, formed 'in the abutting facesof the plates or sections 2 and 3. The facing ring 11 has graduations asindicated at 18 formed thereupon, which graduations are positioned atangles of degrees writh respect to each other about the circumference ofthe ring 11.

The pendulum or bob 10 comprises a body 20 which has a pointer Q1 formedupon and extending upwardly from the center of its upper' surface, Pivotpins 22 and Q3 are formed integrally with the body Z0 and prd jecttransversely to the pin or finger 21. The ends of the pivot pins Q2 and23 are rounded, and rest in-recesses 24 which are formed centrallywithin the inner surfaces of the center of the semi-housings 6 and 7.rfhe recesses 24: have circular walls so as to provide eicient bearingsfor t-he rounded ends of the pivot pins 22 and 23 for permitting of afree and unimpeded swinging of pivotal movement of the pendulum or bob.The sides of the body QU of the pendulum or bob terminates in anindicating point as shown at-25, which is adapted for il 0 l coactionwith the indicating point or inger 21 and a diametrically opposed pairof the graduations 1S in the employment of the level.

If it is so desired, the level may be used in a vertical manner, as a.lplumb without departing from the spirit ofthis invention.

In reducing the invention to practice, certain minor features ofconstruction, combination and arrangement of parts may necessitatealterations to which the patentee is entitled, provided -suchalterations are comprehended within the scope of what is claimed.

What is claimed 'isz- `In a pendulum structure. the combination with abody, of a pendululn including a body, an indicating finger formedintegrally with saidbody and projecting outwardly from the center of theupper surface of the body, a pair of pivot pins formed integrally withthe upper surface of said body and projecting transversely therefromwith respect to said pendulum, annular rings indicating finger, thesides merging into each other and forming an 1ndieating point formedupon the lower end of said body, said indicating point being positionedin alinement with thc point of said indicating finger, a pair ofsemi-housings carried by said body and being constructed of transparentmaterial, said semihousings provided with recesses formed 'in theirinner faces at the center thereof', said recesses forn'iing bearings forthe ends of said pivot pin for pivotally supporting said formed aboutthe edges of said semi-housings, and metallic facing rings encompassingsaid rings and being connected for connecting said semihousings.

In testimony whercot` I in presence of of said body affix my signaturetwo witnesses.

DAVlDC. OWENS.

Witnesses H. OWENS,

A. YV. TEAL.

